Laser Scanning Welding Characteristics and Research Status of Several Common Alloys
- Vol. 52, Issue 2, Pages: 26-35(2022)
Received:29 March 2021,
Revised:2021-10-28,
Published:20 February 2022
DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2022.02.04
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Received:29 March 2021,
Revised:2021-10-28,
Published:20 February 2022
移动端阅览
激光扫描焊接是一种高效的新型激光焊接技术,具有独特的激光束定位方式、扫描范围广、灵活性高、工作距离长等优点,相比于传统激光焊接,其多点焊接的特性能在很大程度上提升焊接效率。概述了激光扫描焊接技术的工作原理和分类,重点阐述铝合金、镁合金、钛合金、铜及铜合金、铝-钢异质合金几种常用合金的激光扫描焊接特性及研究现状。扫描激光束对熔池的搅拌作用可有效改善铝合金焊缝中的缺陷,小孔的微观结构以及焊接过程的受力变化是今后铝合金扫描激光焊接研究的突破点;激光扫描焊接可显著改善镁合金的焊缝成形质量,优化、控制、调节不同的激光扫描焊接工艺参数操作窗口并制定相关的工艺规范,以及如何控制中间相的形成及其含量是扫描焊接镁合金研究需要突破的重点;钛合金激光扫描焊接的一个重要难点是焊接过程中匙孔的不稳定性,这在很大程度上影响焊缝成形,匙孔的稳定性取决于其受力状态,因此首先要控制激光束的运动状态(如扫描轨迹、扫描幅度、扫描频率等);铜及铜合金的低吸收率和高热导率使得扫描焊接铜时需要更高的激光功率,所需设备、高成本以及可能存在的夹杂物限制了该工艺的推广,仍需要更多的研究来了解铜合金扫描焊接机理并克服焊接时工艺稳定性低、大飞溅和高孔隙率问题;激光扫描焊接其他异质合金如镁-铝、铝-铜、镁-钛、钛-铝合金等也会是未来激光扫描焊接的研究重点。最后,针对已有研究中的不足提出激光扫描焊接目前面对的挑战及未来发展趋势。
Laser scanning welding is a highly efficient new laser welding technology
with unique laser beam positioning
wide scanning range
high flexibility
long working distance and other advantages
compared to traditional laser welding
its multi-point welding characteristics can largely enhance the welding efficiency. Overview of the working principle and classification of laser scanning welding technology
focusing on the laser scanning welding characteristics and research status of several common alloys such as aluminum
magnesium
titanium
copper and copper alloys
and aluminum-steel. The stirring effect of the scanning laser beam on the molten pool can effectively improve the defects in the aluminum alloy weld
the microstructure of small holes and the force changes in the welding process is a breakthrough point for future research on scanning laser welding of aluminum alloys. Laser scanning welding can significantly improve the quality of weld forming of magnesium alloys
optimization
control
adjustment of different laser scanning welding process parameters operating window and the development of relevant process specifications
as well as how to control the formation of the intermediate phase and its content is the focus of research on scanning welding magnesium alloys need to break through. An important difficulty in laser scanning welding of titanium alloys is the instability of the keyhole during the welding process
which largely affects the weld formation. The stability of the keyhole depends on its force state
so the first step is to control the movement of the laser beam (such as scanning trajectory
scanning amplitude
scanning frequency
etc.). The low absorption and high thermal conductivity of copper and copper alloys require higher laser power for scanning welding copper. The required equipment
high cost and possible inclusions limit the diffusion of the process
and more research is still needed to understand the mechanism of scanning welding of copper alloys and to overcome the problems of low process stability
large spatter and high porosity during welding. Laser scanning welding of other heterogeneous alloys such as magnesium - aluminum
aluminum - copper
magnesium - titanium
titanium - aluminum alloy will also be the focus of future laser scanning welding research. Finally
for the shortcomings in the existing research proposed laser scanning welding challenges and future development trends.
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