低合金高强钢焊接接头组织性能研究现状
Research Status of Microstructure and Properties of HSLA Steel Welded Joints
- 2026年56卷第8期 页码:1-18
收稿:2026-07-01,
修回:2026-07-15,
网络首发:2026-08-31,
纸质出版:2026-08-20
DOI: 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2026.08.01
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收稿:2026-07-01,
修回:2026-07-15,
网络首发:2026-08-31,
纸质出版:2026-08-20
移动端阅览
低合金高强钢(HSLA)兼具较高强度、良好韧性和一定耐蚀性能,已广泛应用于轨道交通、船舶与海洋工程、建筑结构及能源装备等重大工程领域。然而焊接过程中复杂的热循环会使接头各区域产生显著的组织梯度,进而影响焊接接头的低温韧性、力学性能与耐蚀行为。本文系统综述了HSLA钢焊接接头组织性能的研究进展:在低温韧性方面,针状铁素体(AF)的异质形核与三维互锁结构是提升断裂韧性的关键,冷却速率与原始奥氏体晶粒尺寸(PAGS)共同决定AF的转变行为与细化程度;在力学性能方面,焊接热输入通过调控组织类型与晶粒尺寸影响接头强韧性匹配,Nb、Mo、Ca等微合金元素的添加可有效拓宽大热输入条件下的工艺窗口;在耐蚀性方面,HAZ因电极电位最负而成为腐蚀敏感区,热输入为10~16.5 kJ/cm时焊缝耐蚀性较优。此外,综述了激光焊、激光-电弧复合焊等高效焊接技术在HSLA钢中的应用进展,指出其在降低热输入、细化组织方面的优势,以及数值模拟在组织-性能预测中的潜力。在此基础上,提出了复杂热循环下组织演变机制、合金元素协同调控、失效风险前置控制及多尺度智能焊接技术4个重点研究方向。
High-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel possesses a combination of high strength
good toughness
and certain corrosion resistance
and has been widely applied in major engineering fields such as rail transportation
shipbuilding and offshore engineering
building structures
and energy equipment. In recent years
researchers have conducted various experimental studies on the microstructure and mechanical properties of welded joints in HSLA steel. It has been found that different welding methods and welding thermal cycles have a significant influence on the morphology and distribution of the microstructure in welded joints
thereby affecting the low-temperature toughness
mechanical properties
and corrosion behavior of the welded joints. Based on the above reasons
this paper reviews the research progress on the microstructure and properties of welded joints in HSLA steel
focusing on the mechanisms for improving low-temperature toughness
the effect of welding heat input on mechanical properties
and the current status of research on corrosion resistance. On this basis
the research progress of efficient welding technologies for HSLA steel is briefly introduced
along with future prospects for the application of welding technology in the industrial field of HSLA steel. It is expected that deeper research will be conducted in the future to improve the performance of welded joints
extend service life
and optimize welding process parameters.
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