超高速激光增材铁基复合涂层结构设计与性能研究

温威莹; 齐欢; 李青宇; 廖贞; 张亚斌; 马赵丹丹

doi:10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2026.03.04

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超高速激光增材铁基复合涂层结构设计与性能研究
Microstructural Design and Performance of Fe-based Composite Coatings Fabricated via Extreme High-Speed Laser Claddings
2026年56卷第3期页码：29-37
收稿：2025-11-27，

修回：2026-01-05，

纸质出版：2026-03-20
DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2026.03.04
稿件说明：

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温威莹，齐欢，李青宇，等.超高速激光增材铁基复合涂层结构设计与性能研究［J］.电焊机，2026，56（3）：29-37. DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2026.03.04.

WEN Weiying, QI Huan, LI Qingyu, et al.Microstructural Design and Performance of Fe-based Composite Coatings Fabricated via Extreme High-Speed Laser Claddings[J].Electric Welding Machine, 2026, 56(3): 29-37. DOI： 10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2026.03.04.

摘要

核电关键部件长期在高温、高压及强辐照环境中服役，易发生严重磨损，亟需构建高耐磨性表面强化涂层。激光增材制造基于快速凝固与可控热输入，能为铁基复合涂层的组织优化与性能提升提供有效途径。本研究比较了超高速激光熔覆（EHLA）与宽光斑（EH-BLC）工艺制备的铁基复合涂层在组织与性能的差异。结果表明，EH-BLC由于能量分布更均匀、冷却速率更高，可形成平直的层间界面、薄的热影响区及等轴晶结构。同时，EH-BLC涂层构建了连续致密的碳化物骨架，而EHLA涂层中存在骨架缺陷与断裂现象。而得益于完整的细化组织，EH-BLC涂层获得了低且稳定的摩擦系数以及较浅的磨损深度，其磨损机制由脆性剥落转为较弱的切削与稳定塑性流动。此外，EH-BLC涂层具较高的腐蚀电位、较低的腐蚀电流密度及较高的抗点蚀能力。因此，EH-BLC工艺通过构建细化晶粒与连续硬质相骨架，显著提升了涂层的耐磨与耐蚀性能，将为核电关键部件的高耐磨涂层工程化应用提供可靠工艺路径。

Abstract

Critical nuclear power components operating in extreme environments characterized by high temperature

high pressure

and intense irradiation are susceptible to severe wear

necessitating the development of surface strengthening coatings with superior wear resistance. Laser additive manufacturing

distinguished by its rapid solidification and controllable heat input

offers an effective pathway for optimizing the microstructure and enhancing the performance of Fe-based composite coatings. This study investigates the comparative microstructural evolution and properties of Fe-based composite coatings fabricated via Extreme High-Speed Laser Cladding (EHLA) and Broadband Laser Cladding (EH-BLC). The results indicate that EH-BLC

benefiting from a more uniform energy distribution and a higher cooling rate

facilitates the formation of planar interlayer interfaces

a narrowed heat-affected zone (HAZ)

and a refined equiaxed grain structure. Concurrently

the EH-BLC coating establishes a continuous and dense carbide network

whereas the EHLA coating is characterized by skeletal defects and fragmentation. Attributed to this intact and refined microstructure

the EH-BLC coating demonstrates a low and stable coefficient of friction (COF) along with reduced wear depth. Consequently

the dominant wear mechanism transitions from brittle spalling to mild ploughing and stable plastic flow. Furthermore

the EH-BLC coating exhibits superior electrochemical performance

evidenced by a higher corrosion potential

a lower corrosion current density

and enhanced pitting resistance. Therefore

by constructing a microstructure featuring refined grains and a continuous hard-phase network

the EH-BLC process significantly enhances both wear and corrosion resistance

providing a reliable processing route for the engineering application of high-performance coatings on critical nuclear components.

关键词

Keywords

references

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